ABSTRACT
@#Abstract： Thimerosal is commonly used as a preservative in biological products，especially in vaccines. Although it has been removed from single ⁃ dose vaccines in most countries，thimerosal is still widely used in multi ⁃ dose vaccines at present. Thimerosal，as a component in vaccine preparation，should be compatible with other components，especially should not damage the activity of antigen. However，in recent years，many studies have reported that thiomersal can reduce the antigenicity and immunogenicity of vaccine antigens，especially protein antigens containing or rich in cysteine（Cys）， suggesting that the effect of thimerosal on vaccine antigen activity should be fully evaluated when it is used as a vaccine preservative. In this paper，the effects of thimerosal on antigenicity and immunogenicity of two inactivated vaccines and three recombinant protein vaccines and the possible mechanisms were reviewed，in order to provide reference for rational selection of vaccine preservatives.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: Nowadays, physical activities have become an important way for people to improve their physical fitness. Running is considered to be an exercise option with low investment, low consumption, and no space restrictions. It can play a role in physical fitness, entertainment, and communication. Objective: Analyze the impact of running activities on athletes' physical fitness. Methods: Volunteer athletes were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control groups). The experimental group performed running activities for eight weeks while the control group did not participate in running. Key physiological and biochemical indicators such as height, weight, blood pressure, blood lipids, etc. were recorded. The data were collected and processed according to the mathematical statistics method to analyze the data. Results: There is no significant difference in height after the experiment (P>0.05). The value of body weight curve was changed after the increment of running exercise (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in bust size between the two tests (P>0.05). Waist circumference, hip circumference and upper limb circumference were significantly different after the test (P<0.05). The subjects' blood pressure and heart rate before and after the test were significantly different, proportional to the changes in mean vital capacity (P<0.01). Conclusion: Long-term running training impacts athletes' physical and mental health. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: Atualmente, as atividades físicas tornaram-se uma importante forma das pessoas aperfeiçoarem seu condicionamento físico. A corrida é considerada uma opção de exercício com baixo investimento, baixo consumo e sem restrições de espaço. Ela pode desempenhar um papel na aptidão física, no entretenimento e na comunicação. Objetivo: Analisar o impacto das atividades de corrida sobre a aptidão física dos atletas. Métodos: Atletas voluntários foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (grupos experimentais e grupos de controle). O grupo experimental realizou atividades de corrida durante oito semanas enquanto o grupo de controle não participava da corrida. Foram registrados os indicadores fisiológicos e bioquímicos fundamentais, tais como altura, peso, pressão arterial, lipídios no sangue, etc. Os dados foram coletados e processados segundo o método de estatística matemática para analisar os dados. Resultados: Não há diferença significativa em altura após o experimento (P>0,05). O valor da curva de peso corporal foi alterado após o incremento do exercício de corrida (P<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa no tamanho do busto entre os dois testes (P>0,05). A circunferência da cintura, circunferência do quadril e circunferência dos membros superiores foram significativamente diferentes depois do teste (P<0,05). A pressão arterial e a frequência cardíaca dos sujeitos antes e depois do teste foram significativamente diferentes, proporcional às alterações da capacidade vital média (P<0,01). Conclusão: O treinamento de corrida de longo prazo gera impactos sobre a saúde física e mental dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: En la actualidad, las actividades físicas se han convertido en un medio importante para que las personas mejoren su estado físico. Correr se considera una opción de ejercicio con baja inversión, bajo consumo y sin restricciones de espacio. Puede desempeñar un papel en la forma física, el entretenimiento y la comunicación. Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de las actividades de carrera en la condición física de los atletas. Métodos: Los atletas voluntarios fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos (grupo experimental y grupo de control). El grupo experimental realizó actividades de carrera durante ocho semanas, mientras que el grupo de control no participó en la carrera. Se registraron indicadores fisiológicos y bioquímicos clave como la altura, el peso, la presión arterial, los lípidos en sangre, etc. Los datos se recogieron y se procesaron según el método estadístico matemático para analizarlos. Resultados: No hay diferencias significativas en la altura después del experimento (P>0,05). El valor de la curva de peso corporal se modificó tras el incremento del ejercicio de carrera (P<0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas en el tamaño del busto entre las dos pruebas (P>0,05). La circunferencia de la cintura, la circunferencia de la cadera y la circunferencia de los miembros superiores fueron significativamente diferentes después de la prueba (P<0,05). La presión arterial y la frecuencia cardíaca de los sujetos antes y después de la prueba fueron significativamente diferentes, proporcionales a los cambios en la capacidad vital media (P<0,01). Conclusión: El entrenamiento de carrera a largo plazo genera impactos en la salud física y mental de los atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: The thoracoscopic procedure for tricuspid valve (TV) diseases is a minimally invasive method of treatment. This study focuses on comparing the changes in postoperative inflammatory reaction and myocardial injury markers after thoracoscopic and sternotomy/thoracotomy TV procedures. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 88 patients (53 males, aged 50.9±16.2 years) with TV diseases (single-valve disease) (72 cases of TV plasty) between January 2018 and April 2019. A total of 56 patients underwent thoracoscopic procedure (50 cases of TV plasty). The leukocyte and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were monitored as indicators of systemic inflammatory reaction. The lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase myocardial band, aspartate aminotransferase, and troponin-T levels were recorded as markers of myocardial injury. Results: The CRP and white blood cells levels of patients in the sternotomy approach group were continuously higher than those in patients in the thoracoscopic approach group. And the levels of myocardial enzymes in patients in the thoracoscopic approach group were significantly lower than those in patients in the sternotomy approach group. Conclusion: Compared with sternotomy/thoracotomy procedures on TV, the thoracoscopic procedure can reduce postoperative myocardial injury significantly and systemic inflammatory reaction to a certain extent. It is technically feasible, safe, effective, and worthy of widespread adoption in clinical practice.